PDS_VERSION = PDS3
RECORD_TYPE = FIXED_LENGTH
RECOR_BYTES = 80
OBJECT = MISSION
MISSION_NAME = "GALILEO"
OBJECT = MISSION_INFORMATION
MISSION_START_DATE = 1977-10-01
MISSION_STOP_DATE = 1997-11-11
MISSION_ALIAS_NAME = "JUPITER ORBITER-PROBE
(JOP)"
MISSION_DESC = "
Mission Overview
================
The Galileo mission utilized a single launch of a combined
Orbiter and Probe using the space shuttle Atlantis and an
inertial upper stage (IUS) to inject the Galileo spacecraft on
its interplanetary trajectory to Jupiter. The launch occured
October 18, 1989. Since the IUS does not have the energy to
inject Galileo on a direct trajectory to Jupiter, the
spacecraft was launched first towards Venus for the first leg
of its Venus-Earth-Earth gravity assist (VEEGA) trajectory.
Target-of-opportunity science observations were made at Venus
(closest approach February 10, 1990), the first Earth encounter
(closest approach to Earth and Moon December 8, 1990), the
asteroid Gaspra (closest approach October 29, 1991), the second
Earth encounter (closest approach to Earth and Moon December 8,
1992), and the asteroid Ida (closest approach August 28, 1993).
At about 150 days before Galileo arrives at Jupiter, the Probe
will be separated from the Orbiter. From this moment, the
Probe will be on a ballistic trajectory to the Probe entry
point, about 6 degrees north latitude, into the atmosphere of
Jupiter. Using its 400 Newton engine for the first time, the
Orbiter executes an Orbiter deflection maneuver to keep from
following the Probe into the atmosphere of Jupiter, and to
retarget the Orbiter to the proper encounter conditions
required for the Jupiter Orbit Insertion phase of the mission.
A close flyby (about 1,000 kilometer altitude) of the Jovian
satellite Io will occur during the Jupiter Orbit Insertion
phase. This flyby will permit science observations and will
slow the Orbiter down relative to Jupiter by nearly 200
meters/second in order to reduce the propellant required during
the Jupiter Orbit Insertion (JOI). Perijove of about 4 Jupiter
radii occurs about 4 hours after Io encounter. A few minutes
after perijove passage, the Probe entry and beginning of the
relay of data from the Probe to the Orbiter occurs.
The Probe mission and data relay lasts 75 minutes, after which
JOI is performed, slowing the Orbiter down relative to Jupiter
by about 630 meters/second. The initial orbit period is about
200 days. A large 400 Newton engine burn is performed at the
first apojove in order to raise perijove from 4 Jupiter radii
to about 9 Jupiter radii, thus allowing at least 11 orbits with
10 targeted satellite encounters to be completed by the Orbiter
without exceeding the allowed total accumulated radiation
exposure at the spacecraft. Only three orbits would be allowed
before exceeding this limit if perijove were allowed to stay at
4 Jupiter radii, where the radiation environment is very
severe. Also during this perijove raise maneuver, Galileo is
targeted to the satellite Ganymede, the first of its Galilean
satellite encounters following JOI.
At this point, the targeting to satellite encounters begins,
such that a satellite tour consisting of a minimum of 10
targeted satellite encounters is achieved within the 23 month
period allotted for the satellite tour. During the course of
the satellite tour, the orientation, shape and size of the
spacecraft orbits around the Jovian system, referred to as
petals because of how the spacecraft orbits appear on a plan
view of the Jovian satellite tour trajectory, is controlled
almost exclusively by gravity assists of the satellites
themselves. The orbit periods are pumped down by successive
encounters with the satellites from the initial 200 days to
approximately 35-40 days between encounters. At the 9th orbit,
when the orbit petal orientation is approximately in the
anti-sun direction, the period is again pumped up to about 100
days, allowing one of the primary objectives, probing the
Jovian magnetotail, to be accomplished. After this magnetotail
orbit, the period is again pumped down, by gravity assist
encounters with the Jovian satellites, to 35-40 days for the
final 2-3 targeted encounters. (Refer to GLLMS1991,
GLLSRD1989; and GLLIOM1992).
Mission Phases
==============
LAUNCH
------
Galileo was launched on October 18, 1989 at 1654 GMT aboard
the Space Shuttle Atlantis (OV-104), flight STS-34. An
Inertial Upper Stage (IUS-19) placed Galileo on its Earth-
to-Venus trajectory. Following the IUS burn, Galileo
configured itself for solo flight and separated from the IUS
on October 19, 1989 at 0107 GMT. (Refer to GLLMS1991).
Spacecraft Id : GO
Target Name : VENUS
Mission Phase Start Time : 1989-10-18T00:00:0
Mission Phase Stop Time : 1989-10-19T00:00:0
Spacecraft Operations Type : FLYBY
INTERPLANETARY CRUISE
---------------------
The trajectory of the spacecraft from Earth to Jupiter was
dictated by the limited propulsion capability allowed within
the Space Shuttle to boost the spacecraft from Earth orbit to
an interplanetary trajectory. This limit prevented a direct
trajectory from Earth to Jupiter; instead a 'VEEGA'
trajectory was used to achieve the energy necessary to send
Galileo to Jupiter. The acronym VEEGA is from the trajectory
description: Venus-Earth-Earth Gravity Assist. In this
trajectory, Galileo passes Venus once, then flies by Earth
twice, thus obtaining three gravity assists before heading
toward Jupiter. (Refer to SSR1992.) The Earth-Jupiter Cruise
phase includes the following phases: Earth-Venus Cruise,
Venus Encounter, Venus-Earth Cruise, Earth1 Encounter,
Earth-Earth Cruise, Gaspra Encounter, Earth2 Encounter,
Earth-Jupiter Cruise, Ida Encounter, Shoemaker-Levy 9
Encounter, Probe Release.
Spacecraft Id : GO
Target Name : JUPITER
Target Name : VENUS
Target Name : EARTH
Target Name : IDA
Target Name : GASPRA
Target Name : SHOEMAKER/LEVY 9
Mission Phase Start Time : 1989-10-19T00:00:0
Mission Phase Stop Time : 1995-10-08T00:00:0
EARTH-VENUS CRUISE
------------------
The Earth-Venus Cruise phase occurred during the
Interplanetary Cruise phase. It lasted from the end of the
Launch sequence to March 5, 1990. This phase included the
encounter with the planet Venus.
Spacecraft Id : GO
Target Name : VENUS
Mission Phase Start Time : 1989-10-19T00:00:0
Mission Phase Stop Time : 1990-02-19T00:00:0
Spacecraft Operations Type : FLYBY
4-DAY CHECKOUT
--------------
The 4-Day Checkout phase occurred during the Interplanetary
Cruise phase.
Spacecraft Id : GO
Target Name : N/A
Mission Phase Start Time : 1989-12
Mission Phase Stop Time : UNK
Spacecraft Operations Type : FLYBY
VENUS ENCOUNTER
---------------
The Venus Encounter phase occurred during the Interplanetary
Cruise phase. A 10-day single load sequence provided the
sequencing resources for the Venus encounter. Most of the
data gathered were put onto the onboard tape recorder, since
the high gain antenna had to remain furled behind its
sunshade during this near-sun activity, and the low gain
antenna did not have the performance for real-time science
data transmission to Earth during the Venus encounter. The
Venus encounter data was played back to Earth in November
1990, when Galileo was close enough to Earth that science
data rates could be achieved over the low gain antenna.
Upstream energetic particles were detected, bowshock
crossings were indicated, and the plasma wave instrument saw
evidence of lightning discharges. Eighty-one images by the
Solid State Imaging experiment were taken, which proved
useful in atmospheric motion studies. In addition, the Venus
encounter yielded radio tracking data which have been
analyzed by the Radio Science (Celestial Mechanics) Team to
obtain a mass estimate for Venus. In contrast to the other
experiments, the Radio Science data were not stored on the
spacecraft recorder, but were available in real time on Earth
for analysis. (Refer to GLLMS1991). Closest approach to
Venus occurred February 10, 1990 at an altitude of 16,123 km.
at 05:58:48 UTC.
Spacecraft Id : GO
Target Name : VENUS
Time of closest approach : 1990-02-10T05:58:48
Mission Phase Start Time : 1990-02-06T00:00:0
Mission Phase Stop Time : 1990-02-16T00:00:0
Spacecraft Operations Type : FLYBY
VENUS-EARTH CRUISE
------------------
The Venus Cruise phase occurred during the Interplanetary
Cruise phase. It included the interplanetary cruise from
Venus, around the sun, and back to and past the Earth. This
phase also included the first Earth encounter. The primary
science gathering during this period was performed through
EUV, DDS, MAG and the USO Redshift experiments. In November
1990, as the spacecraft approached the first Earth encounter,
the three DMS tracks of Venus data were successfully played
back.
Spacecraft Id : GO
Target Name : EARTH
Target Name : MOON
Mission Phase Start Time : 1990-02-19T00:00:0
Mission Phase Stop Time : 1991-04-29T00:00:0
Spacecraft Operations Type : FLYBY
EARTH1 ENCOUNTER
----------------
The first Earth gravity assist occurred on December 8, 1990
at a flyby altitude of 960 km at 20:34:34 UTC.
The spacecraft trajectory took Galileo virtually up the
Earth's magnetotail, providing unprecedented opportunity for
fields and particles measurements. The plasma science
experiment results brought into question the validity of the
previous assumption that the bulk flows of the ion and
electron plasmas in the distant magnetotail are identical.
Spectral mapping observations of Australia and Antarctica
were made by the near infrared mapping spectrometer. A first
ever time-lapse movie, in six colors, of the rotating Earth
over a period slightly greater than one day was made by the
Solid State Imaging experiment. Multispectral imaging of the
western nearside and eastern farside of the Moon were
obtained by the SSI. This data showed that Orientale Basin
ejecta deposits are similar to typical highlands deposits
such as the soils at the Apollo 16 site, while observations
of the South Pole-Aitken basin interior contain
characteristics that appear distinctively different from that
of nearside maria, thus providing new information on mare
deposits on the limb and farside of the Moon.
The High-Gain Antenna Deployment planned for April 11, 1991
was unsuccessful, most likely due to an incomplete release of
three HGA ribs. Future attempts for rib release were then
scheduled for Earth-Earth Cruise.
Spacecraft Id : GO
Target Name : EARTH
Time of closest approach : 1990-12-08T20:34:34
Target Name : MOON
Mission Phase Start Time : 1990-11-08T00:00:0
Mission Phase Stop Time : 1990-12-16T00:00:0
Spacecraft Operations Type : FLYBY
EARTH-EARTH CRUISE
------------------
The Earth-Earth cruise phase occurred during the
Interplanetary Cruise phase. It included the interplanetary
cruise from Earth, around the sun, and back to and past the
Earth a second time. Key activites included the on-going HGA
Recovery effort, which proved unsuccessful, encounters with
the asteroid Gaspra as well as with Earth, collection of
cruise science data, SSI cover and EPD shade deployments and
opportunities for radio science experiments at spacecraft
conjunction and opposition.
Spacecraft Id : GO
Target Name : EARTH
Target Name : MOON
Target Name : GASPRA
Mission Phase Start Time : 1991-04-29T00:00:0
Mission Phase Stop Time : 1993-04-12T00:00:0
Spacecraft Operations Type : FLYBY
GASPRA ENCOUNTER
----------------
The Gaspra Encounter phase occurred during the Interplanetary
Cruise phase and the Earth-Earth Cruise phase. On 29 October
1991 Galileo passed Gaspra at a distance of approximately
1,600 km and a speed of approximately 30,000 km per hour.
Color and black and white images were taken of Gaspra as well
as measurements to indicate composition and physical
properties. The data were stored on the spacecraft tape
recorder and later played back to Earth.
Spacecraft Id : GO
Target Name : GASPRA
Time of closest approach : 1991-10-29T22:36:59
Spacecraft Operations Type : FLYBY
EARTH2 ENCOUNTER
----------------
The Earth2 Encounter phase occurred during the Interplanetary
Cruise phase and the Earth-Earth Cruise phase. The second
Earth encounter provided an opportunity to gather Earth and
Lunar science and perform instrument calibrations.
Additionally, during this period Galileo participated in the
GOPEX deep space laser communication experiment. The flyby
altitude of the Earth 2 was approximately 304 km at 15:09
UTC.
Spacecraft Id : GO
Target Name : EARTH
Time of closest approach : 1992-12-08T15:09:00
Target Name : MOON
Mission Phase Start Time : 1992-11-08T00:00:0
Mission Phase Stop Time : 1992-12-20T00:00:0
Spacecraft Operations Type : FLYBY
EARTH-JUPITER CRUISE
--------------------
The Earth-Jupiter Cruise phase occurs during the
Interplanetary Cruise phase. It covers the period from April
12, 1993 to October 8, 1995. The second Earth encounter
places the spacecraft on a direct trajectory to Jupiter.
Again, the spacecraft passes through the Asteroid Belt. This
transit includes an August 1993 encounter with the
32-km.-diameter, S-type, main-belt asteroid, Ida. The
Earth-Jupiter Cruise phase includes the following phases: Ida
Encounter, Shoemaker-Levy 9 Encounter, Probe Release.
Spacecraft Id : GO
Target Name : JUPITER
Target Name : IDA
Target Name : SHOEMAKER-LEVY 9
Mission Phase Start Time : 1993-04-12T00:00:0
Mission Phase Stop Time : 1995-10-09T00:00:0
Spacecraft Operations Type : FLYBY
IDA ENCOUNTER
-------------
The Ida Encounter phase occurs during the Interplanetary
Cruise phase and the Earth-Jupiter Cruise phase. Galileo
flies by Ida in the southern hemisphere (75 degrees south
ecliptic latitude) on the asteroid's dark side, passing
approximately 2400 km (1500 mi) from the center of the
asteroid while traveling at a speed relative to the asteroid
of 12.4 km/sec (27,700 mph). During closet approach, Ida
appears from Earth to be located at Right Ascension: 196.7
degrees; Declination: -8.0 degrees toward the constellation
Virgo. Ida is 3-4 degrees northwest of Spica, Virgo's
brightest star.
Spacecraft Id : GO
Target Name : IDA
Time of closest approach : 1993-08-28T16:35:00
Spacecraft Operations Type : FLYBY
SHOEMAKER-LEVY 9 ENCOUNTER
--------------------------
The Shoemaker-Levy 9 Encounter phase occurred during the
Interplanetary Cruise phase and the Earth-Jupiter Cruise
phase. Shoemaker-Levy 9 was a comet that broke into multiple
pieces during its passage by Jupiter in July 1992. On July
16,1994 these fragments began to impact Jupiter. It is
estimated that between 20 and 25 struck the planet.
Observations were made by the following instruments: NIMS,
SSI, PPR, PWS, EUV/UVS. MAG and DDS conducted observations
over a longer period of time.
Spacecraft Id : GO
Target Name : SHOEMAKER-LEVY 9
Mission Phase Start Time : 1994-07-16T00:00:0
Mission Phase Stop Time : 1994-07-22T00:00:0
Spacecraft Operations Type : FLYBY
PROBE RELEASE
-------------
The Probe Release Encounter phase occurs during the
Interplanetary Cruise phase and the Earth-Jupiter Cruise
phase. The Probe is released 150 days before Jupiter Orbit
Insertion (JOI). Seven days after release, the Orbiter
performs an Orbit Deflection Maneuver (ODM) of about 60 m/sec
to place it on a trajectory which overflies the Probe during
its entry and descent. The ODM is the first use of the 400 N
engine.
Spacecraft Id : GP
Spacecraft Id : GO
Target Name : JUPITER
Mission Phase Start Time : 1995-07-12T12:21:50
Mission Phase Stop Time : 1995-07-12T12:21:50
Spacecraft Operations Type : FLYBY
JUPITER ORBIT OPERATIONS
------------------------
Jupiter arrival occurs on December 3, 1995. Arrival day at
Jupiter is characterized by a rapid series of high-priority
engineering and science events, starting with a 32,000 km
non-targeted flyby of Europa. About 4 1/2 hours after the
Europa encounter, the spacecraft then flies within about 1000
km. of Io. In addition to its unique science value (this is
the only close encounter of Io), the flyby is designed to
provide a gravity assist which will reduce the delta-V
necessary to achieve orbit around Jupiter.
The probe entry occurs a little over 4 hours after the Io
encounter. During the descent of the Probe its data is
relayed to Earth by the Orbiter. Probe Relay lasts 75
minutes and is followed about one hour later by the JOI burn.
At apojove of the insertion orbit, a large Perijove Raise
Maneuver (PJR) increases the perijove altitude of the orbit
and targets the spacecraft for its first encounter. From
here on, the trajectory, or tour, is primarily shaped by
close encounters with Ganymede, Callisto, and Europa. Ten
such close encounters, one per orbit, plus a one-month
'phasing orbit' which occurs between the Europa 4 encounter
and the Europa 6 encounter are planned over the 23 months of
the orbital mission. There is no targeted encounter during
the phasing orbit. There are several non-targeted encounters
(at ranges of tens to hundreds of thousands of kilometers) of
the Galilean satellites, Jovian atmospheric and
magnetospheric measurements throughout the tour, and a large
'tail petal' orbit designed to explore the Jovian
magnetotail.
Spacecraft Id : GO
Target Name : JUPITER
Target Name : IO
Target Name : CALLISTO
Target Name : GANYMEDE
Target Name : EUROPA
Mission Phase Start Time : 1995-10-09T00:00:0
Mission Phase Stop Time : 1997-12-03T00:00:0
Spacecraft Operations Type : ORBITER
JUPITER APPROACH
----------------
The Jupiter Approach phase occurs during the Jupiter Orbit
Operations phase. At 60 days before JOI, an intensive study
of the Jovian system begins, including atmospheric,
magnetospheric, and satellite observations.
Spacecraft Id : GO
Target Name : JUPITER
Mission Phase Start Time : 1995-10-09T00:00:0
Mission Phase Stop Time : 1995-12-03T00:00:0
Spacecraft Operations Type : FLYBY
JUPITER 0 ORBIT
---------------
The Jupiter 0 Orbit phase occurs during the Jupiter Orbit
Operations phase. Jupiter arrival occurs on December 3,
1995. Arrival day at Jupiter is characterized by a rapid
series of high-priority engineering and science events,
starting with a 32,000 km non-targeted flyby of Europa.
Spacecraft Id : GO
Target Name : JUPITER
Target Name : IO
Mission Phase Start Time : 1995-12-03T00:00:0
Mission Phase Stop Time : 1996-06-29T00:00:0
Spacecraft Operations Type : ORBITER
IO 0 ORBIT
----------
The Io 0 Orbit phase occurs during the Jupiter Orbit
Operations phase. About 4 1/2 hours after the Europa
encounter, the spacecraft flies within about 1000 km. of Io.
In addition to its unique science value (this is the only
close encounter of Io), the flyby is designed to provide a
gravity assist which reduces the delta-V necessary to achieve
orbit around Jupiter.
Spacecraft Id : GO
Target Name : IO
Mission Phase Start Time : 1995-12-02T00:00:0
Mission Phase Stop Time : 1995-12-10T00:00:0
Spacecraft Operations Type : FLYBY
PROBE
-----
The Probe phase occurs during the Jupiter Orbit Operations
phase. The probe entry occurs a little over 4 hours after
the Io encounter. During the descent of the Probe its data
is relayed to Earth by the Orbiter. Probe Relay lasts 75
minutes and is followed about one hour later by the JOI burn.
Spacecraft Id : GP
Spacecraft Id : GO
Target Name : JUPITER
Mission Phase Start Time : 1995-12-07T22:56:0
Mission Phase Stop Time : 1995-12-08T00:11:0
Spacecraft Operations Type : ORBITER
GANYMEDE 1 ORBIT
----------------
Spacecraft Id : GO
Target Name : GANYMEDE
Mission Phase Start Time : 1996-06-29T00:00:0
Mission Phase Stop Time : 1996-09-01T00:00:0
Spacecraft Operations Type : ORBITER
GANYMEDE 1 ENCOUNTER
--------------------
Objectives: Wake, Alfven Wing, UVS, gravity, reduce period.
Altitude: 500 km, Latitude: 25 degrees
Spacecraft Id : GO
Target Name : GANYMEDE
Mission Phase Start Time : 1996-06-29T00:00:0
Mission Phase Stop Time : 1996-07-06T00:00:0
Spacecraft Operations Type : FLYBY
GANYMEDE 2 ORBIT
----------------
Spacecraft Id : GO
Target Name : GANYMEDE
Mission Phase Start Time : 1996-09-01T00:00:0
Mission Phase Stop Time : 1996-11-02T00:00:0
Spacecraft Operations Type : ORBITER
GANYMEDE 2 ENCOUNTER
--------------------
Objectives: Alfven Wing, gravity, reduce inclination
Altitude: 255 km, Latitude: 85 degrees
Spacecraft Id : GO
Target Name : GANYMEDE
Mission Phase Start Time : 1996-09-01T00:00:0
Mission Phase Stop Time : 1996-09-08T00:00:0
Spacecraft Operations Type : FLYBY
CALLISTO 3 ORBIT
----------------
Spacecraft Id : GO
Target Name : CALLISTO
Mission Phase Start Time : 1996-11-02T00:00:0
Mission Phase Stop Time : 1996-12-15T00:00:0
Spacecraft Operations Type : ORBITER
CALLISTO 3 ENCOUNTER
--------------------
Objectives: Wake, Alfven Wing, UVS counter-rotate, Jupiter
occultation.
Altitude: 1100 km, Latitude: 13 degrees
Spacecraft Id : GO
Target Name : CALLISTO
Mission Phase Start Time : 1996-11-02T00:00:0
Mission Phase Stop Time : 1996-11-09T00:00:0
Spacecraft Operations Type : FLYBY
EUROPA 4 ORBIT
--------------
Spacecraft Id : GO
Target Name : EUROPA
Mission Phase Start Time : 1996-12-15T00:00:0
Mission Phase Stop Time : 1997-02-14T00:00:0
Spacecraft Operations Type : ORBITER
EUROPA 4 ENCOUNTER
------------------
Objectives: Wake, Europa & Jupiter occultations
Altitude: 695 km, Latitude: 0 degrees
Spacecraft Id : GO
Target Name : EUROPA
Mission Phase Start Time : 1996-12-15T00:00:0
Mission Phase Stop Time : 1996-12-22T00:00:0
Spacecraft Operations Type : FLYBY
EUROPA 6 ORBIT
--------------
Spacecraft Id : GO
Target Name : EUROPA
Mission Phase Start Time : 1997-02-14T00:00:0
Mission Phase Stop Time : 1997-03-30T00:00:0
Spacecraft Operations Type : ORBITER
EUROPA 6 ENCOUNTER
------------------
Objectives: Europa, Io, and Jupiter occultations
Altitude: 588 km, Latitude: 17 degrees
Spacecraft Id : GO
Target Name : EUROPA
Mission Phase Start Time : 1997-02-14T00:00:0
Mission Phase Stop Time : 1997-02-21T00:00:0
Spacecraft Operations Type : FLYBY
GANYMEDE 7 ORBIT
----------------
Spacecraft Id : GO
Target Name : GANYMEDE
Mission Phase Start Time : 1997-03-30T00:00:0
Mission Phase Stop Time : 1997-05-02T00:00:0
Spacecraft Operations Type : ORBITER
GANYMEDE 7 ENCOUNTER
--------------------
Objectives: Alfven Wing.
Altitude: 3065 km, Latitude: 56 degrees
Spacecraft Id : GO
Target Name : GANYMEDE
Mission Phase Start Time : 1997-03-30T00:00:0
Mission Phase Stop Time : 1997-04-06T00:00:0
Spacecraft Operations Type : FLYBY
GANYMEDE 8 ORBIT
----------------
Spacecraft Id : GO
Target Name : GANYMEDE
Mission Phase Start Time : 1997-05-02T00:00:0
Mission Phase Stop Time : 1997-06-22T00:00:0
Spacecraft Operations Type : ORBITER
GANYMEDE 8 ENCOUNTER
--------------------
Objectives: Ganymede & Jupiter occultations, distant UVS
Altitude: 1584 km, Latitude: 29 degrees
Spacecraft Id : GO
Target Name : GANYMEDE
Mission Phase Start Time : 1997-05-02T00:00:0
Mission Phase Stop Time : 1997-05-09T00:00:0
Spacecraft Operations Type : FLYBY
CALLISTO 9 ORBIT
----------------
Spacecraft Id : GO
Target Name : CALLISTO
Mission Phase Start Time : 1997-06-22T00:00:0
Mission Phase Stop Time : 1997-09-13T00:00:0
Spacecraft Operations Type : ORBITER
CALLISTO 9 ENCOUNTER
--------------------
Objectives: Callisto & Jupiter occultations, tail petal
Altitude: 416 km, Latitude: 2 degrees
Spacecraft Id : GO
Target Name : CALLISTO
Mission Phase Start Time : 1997-06-22T00:00:0
Mission Phase Stop Time : 1997-06-28T00:00:0
Spacecraft Operations Type : FLYBY
CALLISTO 10 ORBIT
-----------------
Spacecraft Id : GO
Target Name : CALLISTO
Mission Phase Start Time : 1997-09-13T00:00:0
Mission Phase Stop Time : 1997-11-02T00:00:0
Spacecraft Operations Type : ORBITER
CALLISTO 10 ENCOUNTER
---------------------
Objectives: Wake, Alfven Wing, Jupiter Occultation, rotate,
UVS, reduce period.
Altitude: 524 km, Latitude: 5 degrees
Spacecraft Id : GO
Target Name : CALLISTO
Mission Phase Start Time : 1997-09-13T00:00:0
Mission Phase Stop Time : 1997-09-20T00:00:0
Spacecraft Operations Type : FLYBY
EUROPA 11 ORBIT
---------------
Spacecraft Id : GO
Target Name : EUROPA
Mission Phase Start Time : 1997-11-02T00:00:0
Mission Phase Stop Time : 1997-12-07T00:00:0
Spacecraft Operations Type : ORBITER
EUROPA 11 ENCOUNTER
-------------------
Objectives: Alfven Wing, Earth occultation
Altitude: 1119 km, Latitude: 66 degrees
Spacecraft Id : GO
Target Name : EUROPA
Mission Phase Start Time : 1997-11-02T00:00:0
Mission Phase Stop Time : 1997-11-09T00:00:0
Spacecraft Operations Type : FLYBY
"
MISSION_OBJECTIVES_SUMMARY = "
Mission Objectives Summary
==========================
The Galileo mission is designed to make long-term
investigations of the Jovian system using a spacecraft
consisting of a Probe and an Orbiter. The Probe, after being
released on the initial approach to Jupiter, will enter the
Jovian atmosphere and make in-situ measurements. The Probe
data will be relayed to Earth by the Orbiter. The Orbiter will
then enter orbit around Jupiter for a 23-month, 10-satellite
encounter tour of the Jovian system.
Specific science objectives of the Galileo mission are:
Jovian Atmosphere: Determine and investigate the chemical
composition; structure to at least 10 bars; radiative heat
balance; circulation and dynamics; nature of cloud particles.
Gaspra, Ida, and Galilean Satellites: Characterize the
morphology, geology and physical state; investigate the surface
mineralogy and surface distribution of minerals.
Galilean Satellites: Determine the gravitational and magnetic
fields and dynamic properties; study the atmospheres,
ionospheres and extended gas clouds; study the magnetospheric
interactions of the satellites.
Jovian Magnetosphere: Characterize the vector magnetic fields
and the energy spectra, composition and angular distribution of
plasma and energetic particles, including plasma wave
phenomena, out to 150 Rj."
END_OBJECT = MISSION_INFORMATION
OBJECT = MISSION_HOST
INSTRUMENT_HOST_ID = GO
OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET
TARGET_NAME = EARTH
END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET
END_OBJECT = MISSION_HOST
OBJECT = MISSION_HOST
INSTRUMENT_HOST_ID = GO
OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET
TARGET_NAME = GASPRA
END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET
END_OBJECT = MISSION_HOST
OBJECT = MISSION_HOST
INSTRUMENT_HOST_ID = GO
OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET
TARGET_NAME = JUPITER
END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET
END_OBJECT = MISSION_HOST
OBJECT = MISSION_HOST
INSTRUMENT_HOST_ID = GO
OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET
TARGET_NAME = MOON
END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET
END_OBJECT = MISSION_HOST
OBJECT = MISSION_HOST
INSTRUMENT_HOST_ID = GO
OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET
TARGET_NAME = VENUS
END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET
END_OBJECT = MISSION_HOST
OBJECT = MISSION_HOST
INSTRUMENT_HOST_ID = GO
OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET
TARGET_NAME = IDA
END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET
END_OBJECT = MISSION_HOST
OBJECT = MISSION_HOST
INSTRUMENT_HOST_ID = GO
OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET
TARGET_NAME = "SHOEMAKER-LEVY 9"
END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET
END_OBJECT = MISSION_HOST
OBJECT = MISSION_HOST
INSTRUMENT_HOST_ID = GO
OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET
TARGET_NAME = GANYMEDE
END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET
END_OBJECT = MISSION_HOST
OBJECT = MISSION_HOST
INSTRUMENT_HOST_ID = GO
OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET
TARGET_NAME = CALLISTO
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END
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