PDS_VERSION_ID = PDS3 RECORD_TYPE = FIXED_LENGTH RECORD_BYTES = 80 OBJECT = TEXT PUBLICATION_DATE = 1999-03-09 NOTE = "Software Interface Specification for the Mars Global Surveyor Radio Science Atmospheric Temperature- Pressure Profile (RSTP) file. Formatted for display or printing at 58 lines per page with up to 78 constant width characters per line." END_OBJECT = TEXT END Stanford Center for Radar Astronomy Mars Global Surveyor Project Software Interface Specification Atmospheric Temperature-Pressure Profile Data File prepared by Richard A. Simpson Center for Radar Astronomy Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-9515 650-723-3525 Version 2.0.5 9 March 1999 PREFACE |====================================================================| | | | DOCUMENT CHANGE LOG | | | |====================================================================| |REVISION|REVISION| SECTION | REMARKS | | NUMBER | DATE | AFFECTED | | |--------+--------+------------+-------------------------------------| | 2.0 |97/10/07| All |Adapted from V1.0 for Mars Observer | |--------+--------+------------+-------------------------------------| | 2.0.1 |98/09/04|Distribution|Editorial corrections | |--------+--------+------------+-------------------------------------| | 2.0.1 |98/09/04|Acronyms & .|Change "Degrees Kelvin" to "Kelvin" | |--------+--------+------------+-------------------------------------| | 2.0.1 |98/09/04| Appendix A |No longer needed; omit. | |--------+--------+------------+-------------------------------------| | 2.0.1 |98/09/04| Appendix B |Rename to Appendix A; revise contents| |--------+--------+------------+-------------------------------------| | 2.0.1 |98/09/04| Appendix C |Rename to Appendix B; revise contents| |--------+--------+------------+-------------------------------------| | 2.0.2 |98/11/10|Distribution|Omit John Armstrong; update e-mail, | | | | | M/S for Priest, Asmar, Martin, | | | | | Oliver, Sword. | |--------+--------+------------+-------------------------------------| | 2.0.2 |98/11/10| 1.5.4.2 |Add optional "Z" suffix to denote use| | | | | of UTC explicitly. | |--------+--------+------------+-------------------------------------| | 2.0.2 |98/11/10| 2.3 |Changed file naming scheme from | | | | 4.2.1 | ydddhhmm.TPx to ydddhmmC.TPx | | | | Fig 4-2 | | |--------+--------+------------+-------------------------------------| | 2.0.2 |98/11/10| Appendix A |Update to show current format | |--------+--------+------------+-------------------------------------| | 2.0.3 |98/11/11|Distribution|Add Mike Flasar | |--------+--------+------------+-------------------------------------| | 2.0.3 |98/11/12| 4.2.1 |RECORD_BYTES and ^RSTP_TABLE fixed | |--------+--------+------------+-------------------------------------| | 2.0.4 |98/12/15| 4.2.1 |Change DATA_SET_ID to | | | | Fig. 4-2 | MGS-M-RSS-5-SDP-Vn.m | | | | A.1 | | |--------+--------+------------+-------------------------------------| | 2.0.4 |98/12/15|Distribution|Add Henderson; omit Oliver, Sword | |--------+--------+------------+-------------------------------------| | 2.0.4 |98/12/22| Appendix A |Removed ROW_SUFFIX_BYTES from label | |--------+--------+------------+-------------------------------------| | 2.0.5 |99/03/09| 1.5.4.1 |Substituted 7-bit ASCII characters | | | | 1.5.4.2 | for 8-bit versions. | |====================================================================| |====================================================================| | | | ITEMS TO BE DETERMINED | | | |====================================================================| | REVISION | SECTION | ITEM DESCRIPTION | RESOLUTION | | NUMBER | AFFECTED | | | |----------+----------+------------------------+---------------------| | 2.0 | Dist |Missing addresses |Found. | |----------+----------+------------------------+---------------------| | 2.0 | 1.3 |Update Constants Doc | | |====================================================================| Distribution PDS/JPL V. Henderson..........171-264 Valerie.L.Henderson@jpl.nasa.gov M. Martin.............171-264 michael.d.martin@jpl.nasa.gov PDS/Washington University E. Guinness......Dept E&P Sci guinness@wunder.wustl.edu R.E. Arvidson......Dept E&P Sci arvidson@wunder.wustl.edu PDS/NMSU R. Beebe......Dept. Astronomy rbeebe@nmsu.edu L. Huber......Dept. Astronomy lhuber@nmsu.edu Stanford University R. Simpson.........Durand 232 rsimpson@magellan.stanford.edu L. Tyler...........Durand 232 len@nova.stanford.edu D.P. Hinson..........Durand 232 hinson@nimbus.stanford.edu J.D. Twicken.........Durand 232 joe@neptune.stanford.edu Jet Propulsion Laboratory S.W. Asmar...........MS 264-860 sami.w.asmar@jpl.nasa.gov P. Priest..........MS 264-860 trish@rodan.jpl.nasa.gov W.L. Sjogren.........MS 301-150 wls@kamel.jpl.nasa.gov R. Springer........MS 264-214 richard.j.springer@jpl.nasa.gov R. Woo.............MS 238-725 richard@oberon.jpl.nasa.gov Goddard Space Flight Center D.E. Smith.............Code 920 dsmith@tharsis.gsfc.nasa.gov F. Lemoine...........Code 926 flemoine@olympus.gsfc.nasa.gov F.M. Flasar............Code 693 mike@leprss.gsfc.nasa.gov Centre Nationales d'Etudes Spatiales G. Balmino...............GRGS balmino@pontos.cnes.fr California Institute of Technology A. Ingersoll..............GPS api@helene.gps.caltech.edu University of Colorado B. Jakosky............CU/LASP jakosky@argyre.colorado.edu NASA Ames Research Center R. Haberle...........MS 245-3 bhaberle@mail.arc.nasa.gov Contents Preface.............................................................ii Document Change Log...............................................ii Items to be Determined...........................................iii Distribution......................................................iv Contents...........................................................v Acronyms and Abbreviations.......................................vii 1. General Description...............................................1 1.1. Overview......................................................1 1.2. Scope.........................................................1 1.3. Applicable Documents..........................................1 1.4. System Siting.................................................1 1.4.1. Interface Location and Medium.............................1 1.4.2. Data Sources, Transfer Methods, and Destinations..........1 1.4.3. Generation Method and Frequency...........................1 1.5. Assumptions and Constraints...................................2 1.5.1. Usage Constraints.........................................2 1.5.2. Priority Phasing Constraints..............................2 1.5.3. Explicit and Derived Constraints..........................2 1.5.4. Documentation Conventions.................................2 1.5.4.1. Data Format Descriptions..............................2 1.5.4.2. Time Standards........................................2 1.5.4.3. Coordinate Systems....................................3 1.5.4.4. Limits of This Document...............................3 1.5.4.5. Typographic Conventions...............................3 2. Interface Characteristics.........................................4 2.1. Hardware Characteristics and Limitations......................4 2.1.1. Special Equipment and Device Interfaces...................4 2.1.2. Special Setup Requirements................................4 2.2. Volume and Size...............................................4 2.3. Labeling and Identification...................................4 2.4. Interface Medium Characteristics..............................5 2.5. Failure Protection, Detection, and Recovery Procedures........5 2.6. End-of-File Conventions.......................................5 3. Access............................................................6 3.1. Programs Using the Interface..................................6 3.2. Synchronization Considerations................................6 3.2.1. Timing and Sequencing Considerations......................6 3.2.2. Effective Duration........................................6 3.2.3. Priority Interrupts.......................................6 3.3. Input/Output Protocols, Calling Sequences.....................6 4. Detailed Interface Specifications.................................7 4.1. Structure and Organization Overview...........................7 4.2. Detached PDS Label............................................7 4.2.1. Label Header..............................................7 4.2.2. Label Body................................................9 4.3. Data File.....................................................9 Appendix A. Example Data Products..................................10 A.1. Example Label................................................10 A.2. Example Data Object..........................................20 Appendix B. RSTP Processing Program Definitions ...................23 Figures 4-2. RSTP Label Header.............................................7 B-1. Time variation of Signal Power...............................23 B-2. Definition of Raypath Direction..............................24 B-3. Definition of Angle from Diametric...........................24 Acronyms and Abbreviations ANSI American National Standards Institute ARCDR Altimetry and Radiometry Composite Data Record ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange CCSDS Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems CD Compact Disc CNES Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales dB Decibel DSN Deep Space Network FEA Front End Assembly GSFC Goddard Space Flight Center IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers IAU International Astronomical Union JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory J2000 IAU Official Time Epoch K Degrees Kelvin kB Kilobytes km Kilometers MB Megabytes MGS Mars Global Surveyor MO Mars Observer NAIF Navigation and Ancillary Information Facility NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NAV Navigation Subsystem/Team PDB Project Data Base PDS Planetary Data System RS Radio Science RSS Radio Science Subsystem RST Radio Science Team RSTP Radio Science Temperature Pressure (profile) SCET Space Craft Event Time SIS Software Interface Specification SOPC Science Operations Planning Computer SPARC Sun Scaleable Processor Architecture TBD To Be Determined TDB Temps Dynamique Barycentrique - IAU Standard Ephemeris Time UTC Coordinated Universal Time WO Write Once 1. General Description 1.1. Overview This Software Interface Specification (SIS) describes Radio Science Atmospheric Temperature-Pressure Profile (RSTP) data files from the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mission. RSTP files are created at Stanford University and contain results of processing MGS radio occultation data to obtain the structure of Mars' atmosphere [1]. The Mars Global Surveyor Mission is managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). 1.2. Scope The format and content specifications in this SIS apply to all phases of the Mars Global Surveyor Mission for which the RSTP is produced. RSTP products covered by this SIS include those at both standard (approximately 200 m vertical) and high (approximately 20 m vertical) resolution. 1.3. Applicable Documents [1] Tyler, G.L., G. Balmino, D.P. Hinson, W.L. Sjogren, D.E. Smith, R. Woo, S.W. Asmar, M.J. Connally, C.L. Hamilton, and R.A. Simpson, Radio Science Investigations with Mars Observer, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 7759-7779, 1992. [2] MO 642-321, Mars Global Surveyor Planetary Constants and Models, JPL D-3444, November 1990. [3] Planetary Science Data Dictionary, JPL D-7116, Rev. D, 15 July 1996. [4] Planetary Data System Standards Reference, JPL D-7669, part 2, 24 July 1995. 1.4. System Siting 1.4.1. Interface Location and Medium RSTP files are created by the Stanford MGS RS processing system, which consists of Sun SPARC-2, SPARC-10, and Ultra workstations; other computers; and associated peripherals. 1.4.2. Data Sources, Transfer Methods, and Destinations RSTP files are created on the Stanford MGS RS processing system. They are distributed electronically by the MGS RS server and are written to compact disc write-once (CD-WO) volumes for archive with the Planetary Data System (PDS). 1.4.3. Generation Method and Frequency RSTP products are generated by reformatting and manipulating output files from Stanford programs. Each RSTP contains data from one occultation event. RSTPs are generated when the data for the appropriate orbits become available. 1.5. Assumptions and Constraints 1.5.1. Usage Constraints None. 1.5.2. Priority Phasing Constraints None. 1.5.3. Explicit and Derived Constraints None. 1.5.4. Documentation Conventions 1.5.4.1. Data Format Descriptions The reference data unit is the byte. Data may be stored in fields with various sizes and formats, viz. one-, two-, and four-byte binary integers, four- and eight-byte binary floating-point numbers, and character strings. Data are identified throughout this document as char 8 bits character uchar 8 bits integer short 16 bits integer long 32 bits integer float 32 bits floating point (sign, exponent, and mantissa) double 64 bits floating point (sign, exponent, and mantissa) u (prefix) unsigned (as with ulong for unsigned 32-bit integer) other special data structures such as time, date, etc. which are described within this document The detailed formats of the numeric fields are defined in Appendix A. If a field is described as containing n bytes of ASCII character string data, this implies that the leftmost (lowest numbered) byte contains the first character, the next lowest byte contains the second character, and so forth. An array of n elements is written as array[n]; the first element is array[0], and the last is array[n-1]. Array[n][m] describes an n x m element array, with first element array[0][0], second element array[0][1], and so forth. 1.5.4.2. Time Standards RSTP calculations use the January 1.5, 2000 epoch as the standard time. Within the data files, all times are reported in Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) as strings of 23 ASCII characters. The time format is "YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss.fff", where "-", "T", ":", and "." are fixed delimiters; "YYYY" is the year "19nn" or "20nn"; "MM" is a two-digit month of year; "DD" is a two-digit day of month; "T" separates the date and time segments of the string; "hh" is hour of day; "mm" is the minutes of hour (00-59); "ss" is the seconds of hour (00-59); and "fff" is in milliseconds. Optional suffix "Z" explicitly indicates use of the UTC reference. The date format is "YYYY-MM-DD", where the components are defined as above. 1.5.4.3. Coordinate Systems The RSTP uses the Areocentric fixed body coordinate system [2]. 1.5.4.4. Limits of This Document This document applies only to the RSTP standard- and high- resolution products. 1.5.4.5. Typographic Conventions This document has been formatted for simple electronic file transfer and display. Line lengths are limited to 72 ASCII characters, including line delimiters. No special fonts or structures are included within the file. Constant width characters are assumed for display. 2. Interface Characteristics 2.1. Hardware Characteristics and Limitations 2.1.1. Special Equipment and Device Interfaces RSTP files are created on the Stanford MGS Science Operations Planning Computer (SOPC) using IEEE formats and are stored in electronic form on the MGS PDB. 2.1.2. Special Setup Requirements None. 2.2. Volume and Size RSTP products for each occultation consist of one or more files, as detailed in Section 4. A standard resolution RSTP, covering 70 km of altitude at 200 m resolution, will require about 15 kB for the label and 12 kB for the data -- or 27 kB total. A high-resolution profile, covering 200 km in altitude at 10 m resolution, will require 15 kB for the label and about 640 kB for the data -- or 665 kB total. 2.3. Labeling and Identification Each file has a name which describes its contents. The name includes the following structure which uniquely identifies it among Mars Global Surveyor Radio Science products: ydddhmmC.TPx where y is the least significant digit of the year ddd is the day of year h is a one character representation of the hour on which data acquisition began (A = 00, B = 01, ... X = 23) mm is the minute on which the occultation data acquisition began (see note below for convention when two acquisition systems began at the same minute) C is a single character denoting the version of the file (first version is "A", second is "B", etc.) "TP" identifies the file as containing a Radio Science temperature pressure profile, "x" indicates resolution "S" standard resolution "H" high resolution Note: Some occultations may be captured by more than one ground station with recording beginning at the same time. In those cases the least significant digit of mm will be modified as follows. Least Significant Digit of "mm" for Coincident Files First Data File Second Data File Third Data File --------------- ---------------- --------------- 0 A K 1 B L 2 C M 3 D N 4 E O 5 F P 6 G Q 7 H R 8 I S 9 J T 2.4. Interface Medium Characteristics RSTP products are electronic files. 2.5. Failure Protection, Detection, and Recovery Procedures None. 2.6. End-of-File Conventions End of file labeling complies with standards 3. Access 3.1. Programs Using the Interface Data contained in RSTP files will be accessed by programs at the home institutions of Mars Global Surveyor and other investigators. Those programs cannot be identified here. 3.2. Synchronization Considerations 3.2.1. Timing and Sequencing Considerations N/A 3.2.2. Effective Duration N/A 3.2.3. Priority Interrupts None. 3.3. Input/Output Protocols, Calling Sequences None. 4. Detailed Interface Specifications 4.1. Structure and Organization Overview The RSTP is a file generated by Radio Science data reduction and analysis software at Stanford University. Each RSTP file is accompanied by a detached PDS label. 4.2. Detached PDS Label The detached PDS label has two parts -- a header and body. The header contains information about the origin of the file and its general characteristics such as record type and size. The body is a complete bit-level definition of the RSTP file; it includes object definitions for each component of the RSTP file. Each detached PDS label is constructed of ASCII records; each record contains exactly 80 characters. The last two characters in each record are the carriage-return (ASCII 13) and line-feed (ASCII 10) characters. 4.2.1 Label Header The structure of the label file header is illustrated in Figure 4-2. Keyword definitions are given below. An example of a complete label file is given in Appendix B. |====================================================================| | | | Figure 4-2. RSTP Label Header | | | |====================================================================| | | | PDS_VERSION_ID = PDS3 | | RECORD_TYPE = FIXED_LENGTH | | RECORD_BYTES = 100 | | FILE_RECORDS = nnn | | ^RSTP_HDR_TABLE = ("ydddhmmC.TPx",1) | | ^RSTP_TABLE = ("ydddhmmC.TPx",4) | | INSTRUMENT_HOST_NAME = "MARS GLOBAL SURVEYOR" | | TARGET_NAME = "MARS" | | INSTRUMENT_NAME = "RADIO SCIENCE SUBSYSTEM" | | DATA_SET_ID = "MGS-M-RSS-5-SDP-Vn.m" | | PRODUCT_ID = "ydddhmmC.TPx" | | PRODUCT_RELEASE_DATE = YYYY-MM-DD | | DESCRIPTION = "cccccccccccccccccc" | | START_TIME = YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss.fffZ | | STOP_TIME = YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss.fffZ | | SOFTWARE_NAME = "ccccccc;Vn.m" | | PRODUCT_CREATION_TIME = YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss.fffZ | | PRODUCER_ID = "MGS RST" | | | |====================================================================| PDS_VERSION_ID = The version of the Planetary Data System for which these data have been prepared (set to PDS3 by agreement between the Mars Global Surveyor Project and PDS). RECORD_TYPE = The type of record. Set to "FIXED_LENGTH" to indicate that all logical records have the same length. RECORD_BYTES = The number of bytes per (fixed-length) record. Set to "100" for the RSTP. FILE_RECORDS = The number of records in the RSTP file; instance dependent. ^RSTP_HDR_TABLE = File name and record number at which RSTP_HDR_TABLE begins. The file naming convention is defined in Section 2.3; record number is 1. ^RSTP_TABLE = File name and record number at which RSTP_TABLE begins. The file naming convention is defined in Section 2.3; record number is 4. INSTRUMENT_HOST_NAME = Name of the spacecraft; set to "MARS GLOBAL SURVEYOR". TARGET_NAME = A character string which identifies the target body. For MGS RSTP files, the character string "MARS". INSTRUMENT_NAME = Name of the instrument; set to "RADIO SCIENCE SUBSYSTEM". DATA_SET_ID = Identifier for the data set of which this RSTP product is a member. Set to "MGS-M- RSS-5-SDP-Vn.m" for the RSTP, where "Vn.m" indicates the version number of the data set. PRODUCT_ID = A unique identifier for the product within the MGS RST collection of data sets. The naming convention is defined in Section 2.3. PRODUCT_RELEASE_DATE = The date at which the product may be released by the Mars Global Surveyor Project to the Planetary Data System; entered in the format "YYYY-MM-DD", where components are defined in Section 1.5.4.2. DESCRIPTION = A short description of the RSTP product. START_TIME = The Earth Receive Time at which the first sample was acquired expressed in the format "YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss.fff" where the components are defined in Section 1.5.4.2. STOP_TIME = The Earth Receive Time at which the last sample was acquired expressed in the format "YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss.fff" where the components are defined in Section 1.5.4.2. SOFTWARE_NAME = The name and version number of the program creating this RSTP file; expressed as a character string in the format "PROGRAM_NAME;n.mm" where "PROGRAM_NAME" is the name of the software and "n.mm" is the version number. PRODUCT_CREATION_TIME = The time at which this RSTP was created; expressed in the format "YYYY-MM- DDThh:mm:ss.fff" where the components are defined in Section 1.5.4.2. PRODUCER_ID = The entity responsible for creation of the RSTP product; set to "MGS RST". 4.2.2 Label Body The body of the PDS label completely defines both the format and the content of the RSTP file. It is written as a pair of OBJECT definitions -- one for the RSTP header table and one for the RSTP data table. An example of a complete label is given in Appendix B. Since the format and content of the RSTP file may vary over the course of the MGS mission, users should always refer to the accompanying label for current specifications of the RSTP file. 4.3. Data File The RSTP data file contains atmospheric profile measurements from one occultation event. It comprises two PDS TABLE objects -- one containing summary information for an occultation and the other containing the temperature-pressure profile itself. The structure and content of each RSTP file is defined by the accompanying detached PDS label (see Section 4.2 and Appendix B). Note that the format and content of the RSTP file may evolve over the course of the MGS mission; users should always refer to the accompanying PDS label for current format and content specifications. Appendix A. Example RSTP Label A.1 Example Label The following is an example label for a Radio Science Temperature Pressure (RSTP) file. In the next section, an example data object is shown. PDS_VERSION_ID = PDS RECORD_TYPE = FIXED_LENGTH RECORD_BYTES = 100 FILE_RECORDS = 77 ^RSTP_HDR_TABLE = ("8028D38A.TPS",1) ^RSTP_TABLE = ("8028D38A.TPS",4) INSTRUMENT_HOST_NAME = "MARS GLOBAL SURVEYOR" TARGET_NAME = "MARS" INSTRUMENT_NAME = "RADIO SCIENCE SUBSYSTEM" DATA_SET_ID = "MGS-M-RSS-5-SDP-V1.0" PRODUCT_ID = "8028D38A.TPS" PRODUCT_RELEASE_DATE = 1998-10-15 DESCRIPTION = "This file contains an atmospheric temperature-pressure profile derived from MGS radio occultation data. Raw samples of DSN receiver output were corrected for observing conditions and converted to bending angle as a function of impact parameter. These results were then inverted to refractive index as a function of radius via an Abel transform. Number density was obtained from refractive index using a conversion formula appropriate to the composition of the atmosphere, which is known from Viking measurements (T. Owen, The Composition and Early History of the Atmosphere of Mars, in MARS, edited by H.H. Kieffer, B.M. Jakosky, C.W. Snyder, and M.S. Matthews, pp. 818-834, Univ. of Arizona Press, 1992). Pressure and temperature profiles were derived by assuming hydrostatic balance and using the ideal gas law. See Tyler et al. (J. Geophys Res., 97, 7759-7779, 1992) for more details." START_TIME = 1998-01-28T03:38:00Z STOP_TIME = 1998-01-28T03:51:00Z SOFTWARE_NAME = "TPS; V1.1" PRODUCT_CREATION_TIME = 1998-10-06T00:52:24Z PRODUCER_ID = "MGS RST" OBJECT = RSTP_HDR_TABLE ROWS = 1 COLUMNS = 29 ROW_BYTES = 300 INTERCHANGE_FORMAT = ASCII DESCRIPTION = "The RSTP header contains ancillary data associated with atmospheric temperature-pressure profiles. Each header includes a single row of 29 data columns (293 total bytes), 5 ASCII blank characters to pad out the record, and an ASCII carriage-return line-feed pair at the end." OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = "START TIME" COLUMN_NUMBER = 1 DATA_TYPE = TIME START_BYTE = 1 BYTES = 23 UNIT = "N/A" DESCRIPTION = "The Earth Receive Time at which the first radio occultation data sample was acquired." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = "STOP TIME" COLUMN_NUMBER = 2 DATA_TYPE = TIME START_BYTE = 25 BYTES = 23 UNIT = "N/A" DESCRIPTION = "The Earth Receive Time at which the last radio occultation data sample was acquired." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = "OCCULTATION TIME" COLUMN_NUMBER = 3 DATA_TYPE = TIME START_BYTE = 49 BYTES = 23 UNIT = "N/A" DESCRIPTION = "The time at Mars when the geometrical ray path grazed the limb. This is computed by subtracting the limb-to-Earth light time from the appropriate Earth Receive Time." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = "ORBIT NUMBER" COLUMN_NUMBER = 4 DATA_TYPE = ASCII_INTEGER START_BYTE = 73 BYTES = 5 FORMAT = "I5" UNIT = "N/A" DESCRIPTION = "Orbit number from which the data were acquired; set to zero if not known." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = "DSN ANTENNA NUMBER" COLUMN_NUMBER = 5 DATA_TYPE = ASCII_INTEGER START_BYTE = 79 BYTES = 2 FORMAT = "I2" UNIT = "N/A" DESCRIPTION = "Number of the DSN antenna used to collect the data (e.g., 14, 43, 65, ...)." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = "RAY PATH DIRECTION" COLUMN_NUMBER = 6 DATA_TYPE = ASCII_REAL START_BYTE = 82 BYTES = 6 FORMAT = "F6.1" UNIT = "DEGREE" DESCRIPTION = "The angle between local north and the tangent to the ray path at the occultation point, measured positive from local north toward local east. The tangent to the ray path indicates the direction of signal propagation. A signal traveling from west toward east as it grazed the surface would have a ray-path-direction of 90 degrees." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = "ANGLE FROM DIAMETRIC" COLUMN_NUMBER = 7 DATA_TYPE = ASCII_REAL START_BYTE = 89 BYTES = 6 FORMAT = "F6.1" UNIT = "DEGREE" DESCRIPTION = "Angle at which the spacecraft rises or sets behind the planet limb, measured clockwise from the planet radial direction as viewed from Earth. An angle- from-diametric equal to zero indicates a diametric occultation with motion of the ray away from the surface (e.g., occultation egress). A value near 180 degrees is a nearly diametric ingress occultation." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = "LATITUDE AT SURFACE" COLUMN_NUMBER = 8 DATA_TYPE = ASCII_REAL START_BYTE = 96 BYTES = 7 FORMAT = "F7.3" UNIT = "DEGREE" DESCRIPTION = "Areocentric (north) latitude of the occultation point" END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = "SIGMA LATITUDE" COLUMN_NUMBER = 9 DATA_TYPE = ASCII_REAL START_BYTE = 104 BYTES = 6 FORMAT = "F6.3" UNIT = "DEGREE" DESCRIPTION = "One standard deviation uncertainty in LATITUDE AT SURFACE. This value also serves as an estimate of the uncertainty in LATITUDE in RSTP_TABLE. Set to -9.999 if not known." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = "LONGITUDE AT SURFACE" COLUMN_NUMBER = 10 DATA_TYPE = ASCII_REAL START_BYTE = 111 BYTES = 8 FORMAT = "F8.3" UNIT = "DEGREE" POSITIVE_LONGITUDE_DIRECTION = "EAST" DESCRIPTION = "Areocentric east longitude of the occultation point in body fixed coordinates." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = "SIGMA LONGITUDE" COLUMN_NUMBER = 11 DATA_TYPE = ASCII_REAL START_BYTE = 120 BYTES = 6 FORMAT = "F6.3" UNIT = "DEGREE" DESCRIPTION = "One standard deviation uncertainty in LONGITUDE AT SURFACE. This value also serves as an estimate of the uncertainty in LONGITUDE in RSTP_TABLE. Set to -9.999 if not known." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = "SUB-SOLAR LATITUDE" COLUMN_NUMBER = 12 DATA_TYPE = ASCII_REAL START_BYTE = 127 BYTES = 6 FORMAT = "F6.2" UNIT = "DEGREE" DESCRIPTION = "Areocentric (north) latitude of the sun at OCCULTATION TIME." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = "SUB-SOLAR LONGITUDE" COLUMN_NUMBER = 13 DATA_TYPE = ASCII_REAL START_BYTE = 134 BYTES = 7 FORMAT = "F7.2" UNIT = "DEGREE" POSITIVE_LONGITUDE_DIRECTION = "EAST" DESCRIPTION = "Areocentric east longitude of the sun in body fixed coordinates at OCCULTATION TIME." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = "SOLAR LONGITUDE" COLUMN_NUMBER = 14 DATA_TYPE = ASCII_REAL START_BYTE = 142 BYTES = 6 FORMAT = "F6.2" UNIT = "DEGREE" DESCRIPTION = "Value of the angle between the Mars-Sun line at the time of geometric occultation and the Mars-Sun line at the Mars vernal equinox. Measured positive with increasing time following the vernal equinox. Sometimes denoted L-sub-s." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = "RADIUS AT SURFACE" COLUMN_NUMBER = 15 DATA_TYPE = ASCII_REAL START_BYTE = 149 BYTES = 8 FORMAT = "F8.0" UNIT = "METER" DESCRIPTION = "Radius of Mars at the occultation point." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = "SIGMA RADIUS" COLUMN_NUMBER = 16 DATA_TYPE = ASCII_REAL START_BYTE = 158 BYTES = 6 FORMAT = "F6.0" UNIT = "METER" DESCRIPTION = "One standard deviation uncertainty in RADIUS AT SURFACE. This value also serves as an estimate of the uncertainty in RADIUS in RSTP_TABLE. Set to -9999. if not known." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = "SURFACE PRESSURE" COLUMN_NUMBER = 17 DATA_TYPE = ASCII_REAL START_BYTE = 165 BYTES = 7 FORMAT = "F7.2" UNIT = "PASCAL" DESCRIPTION = "Atmospheric pressure at the occultation point -- i.e., at the point defined by RADIUS AT SURFACE, LATITUDE AT SURFACE, and LONGITUDE AT SURFACE. Obtained by extrapolating from the lowest sample in the retrieved atmospheric profile to the estimated RADIUS AT SURFACE." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = "SIGMA SURFACE PRESSURE" COLUMN_NUMBER = 18 DATA_TYPE = ASCII_REAL START_BYTE = 173 BYTES = 5 FORMAT = "F5.2" UNIT = "PASCAL" DESCRIPTION = "One standard deviation uncertainty in SURFACE PRESSURE. Set to -9.99 if not known." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = "SPACECRAFT TO LIMB DISTANCE" COLUMN_NUMBER = 19 DATA_TYPE = ASCII_REAL START_BYTE = 179 BYTES = 9 FORMAT = "E9.3" UNIT = "METER" DESCRIPTION = "Distance from spacecraft to occultation point at time when ray path grazed planetary surface." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = "SPACECRAFT TO DSN DISTANCE" COLUMN_NUMBER = 20 DATA_TYPE = ASCII_REAL START_BYTE = 189 BYTES = 9 FORMAT = "E9.3" UNIT = "METER" DESCRIPTION = "Distance from spacecraft to DSN receiving antenna at time when ray path grazed planetary surface." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = "LOCAL TRUE SOLAR TIME OF OCCULTATION" COLUMN_NUMBER = 21 DATA_TYPE = ASCII_REAL START_BYTE = 199 BYTES = 6 FORMAT = "F6.3" UNIT = "HOUR" DESCRIPTION = "Local true solar time (LTST) at the time and location of the occultation measurement. LTST at the sub-solar longitude is defined as 12 solar hours. LTST on other meridians changes by one solar hour for each 15 degree increment in longitude. Thus, LTST for the occultation measurement is given by 12 + (LONGITUDE_AT_SURFACE - SUB-SOLAR_LONGITUDE)/15." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = "SOLAR ZENITH ANGLE" COLUMN_NUMBER = 22 DATA_TYPE = ASCII_REAL START_BYTE = 206 BYTES = 6 FORMAT = "F6.2" UNIT = "DEGREE" DESCRIPTION = "Angle between the direction to Sun and local vertical direction on Mars at time and location of the occultation measurement." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = "SUN-EARTH-SPACECRAFT ANGLE" COLUMN_NUMBER = 23 DATA_TYPE = ASCII_REAL START_BYTE = 213 BYTES = 5 FORMAT = "F5.1" UNIT = "DEGREE" DESCRIPTION = "Approximate angle between Sun and spacecraft as viewed from Earth during experiment." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = "DSN ELEVATION ANGLE" COLUMN_NUMBER = 24 DATA_TYPE = ASCII_REAL START_BYTE = 219 BYTES = 5 FORMAT = "F5.1" UNIT = "DEGREE" DESCRIPTION = "Approximate angle between direction to spacecraft and local horizon at DSN receiving antenna during experiment." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = "GRAVITY FIELD MODEL" COLUMN_NUMBER = 25 DATA_TYPE = CHARACTER START_BYTE = 226 BYTES = 12 FORMAT = "A12" UNIT = "N/A" DESCRIPTION = "File name of gravity field spherical harmonic model used in profile retrieval and calculation of geopotential." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = "GEOPOTENTIAL REFERENCE" COLUMN_NUMBER = 26 DATA_TYPE = ASCII_REAL START_BYTE = 240 BYTES = 9 FORMAT = "F9.0" UNIT = "METER SQUARED PER SECOND SQUARED" DESCRIPTION = "Reference value for geopotential. Reference geoid has mean equatorial radius of 3396 kilometers." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = "PCK FILE NAME" COLUMN_NUMBER = 27 DATA_TYPE = CHARACTER START_BYTE = 251 BYTES = 12 FORMAT = "A12" UNIT = "N/A" DESCRIPTION = "File name of the NAIF Planetary Constants File used in this retrieval and calculation (name of the PCK file as stored in the MGS RST data system)." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = "TRAJECTORY FILE NAME" COLUMN_NUMBER = 28 DATA_TYPE = CHARACTER START_BYTE = 266 BYTES = 12 FORMAT = "A12" UNIT = "N/A" DESCRIPTION = "File name of the spacecraft and planetary ephemeris file used in this retrieval and calculation (name of the file as stored in the MGS RST data system)." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = "SPACECRAFT ATTITUDE FILE NAME" COLUMN_NUMBER = 29 DATA_TYPE = CHARACTER START_BYTE = 281 BYTES = 12 FORMAT = "A12" UNIT = "N/A" DESCRIPTION = "File name of the spacecraft attitude file used in this retrieval and calculation (name of the file as stored in the MGS RST data system). Left blank if not known or no attitude file was used." END_OBJECT = COLUMN END_OBJECT = RSTP_HDR_TABLE OBJECT = RSTP_TABLE ROWS = 74 COLUMNS = 10 ROW_BYTES = 100 INTERCHANGE_FORMAT = ASCII DESCRIPTION = "Table contains radio science atmospheric temperature-pressure profile. Each row in the table contains data for 10 columns, delimited by ASCII commas (98 bytes total); the final two positions are occupied by an ASCII carriage-return and an ASCII line-feed." OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = "RADIUS" COLUMN_NUMBER = 1 DATA_TYPE = ASCII_REAL START_BYTE = 1 BYTES = 9 FORMAT = "F9.1" UNIT = "METER" DESCRIPTION = "Measurement radius." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = "LATITUDE" COLUMN_NUMBER = 2 DATA_TYPE = ASCII_REAL START_BYTE = 11 BYTES = 7 FORMAT = "F7.3" UNIT = "DEGREE" DESCRIPTION = "Areocentric (north) latitude of measurement." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = "LONGITUDE" COLUMN_NUMBER = 3 DATA_TYPE = ASCII_REAL START_BYTE = 19 BYTES = 8 FORMAT = "F8.3" UNIT = "DEGREE" POSITIVE_LONGITUDE_DIRECTION = "EAST" DESCRIPTION = "Areocentric (east) longitude of measurement in body fixed coordinates." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = "GEOPOTENTIAL" COLUMN_NUMBER = 4 DATA_TYPE = ASCII_REAL START_BYTE = 28 BYTES = 8 FORMAT = "F8.0" UNIT = "METER SQUARED PER SECOND SQUARED" DESCRIPTION = "Geopotential at measurement location (RADIUS, LATITUDE, LONGITUDE). A reference value (GEOPOTENTIAL REFERENCE in RSTP_HEADER_TABLE) has been subtracted." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = "PRESSURE" COLUMN_NUMBER = 5 DATA_TYPE = ASCII_REAL START_BYTE = 37 BYTES = 11 FORMAT = "E11.5" UNIT = "PASCAL" DESCRIPTION = "Atmospheric pressure at RADIUS." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = "SIGMA PRESSURE" COLUMN_NUMBER = 6 DATA_TYPE = ASCII_REAL START_BYTE = 49 BYTES = 8 FORMAT = "E8.2" UNIT = "PASCAL" DESCRIPTION = "One standard deviation uncertainty in PRESSURE." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = "TEMPERATURE" COLUMN_NUMBER = 7 DATA_TYPE = ASCII_REAL START_BYTE = 58 BYTES = 11 FORMAT = "E11.5" UNIT = "KELVIN" DESCRIPTION = "Atmospheric temperature at RADIUS." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = "SIGMA TEMPERATURE" COLUMN_NUMBER = 8 DATA_TYPE = ASCII_REAL START_BYTE = 70 BYTES = 8 FORMAT = "E8.2" UNIT = "KELVIN" DESCRIPTION = "One standard deviation uncertainty in TEMPERATURE." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = "NUMBER DENSITY" COLUMN_NUMBER = 9 DATA_TYPE = ASCII_REAL START_BYTE = 79 BYTES = 11 FORMAT = "E11.5" UNIT = "1 PER CUBIC METER" DESCRIPTION = "Molecular number density of the atmosphere at RADIUS." END_OBJECT = COLUMN OBJECT = COLUMN NAME = "SIGMA NUMBER DENSITY" COLUMN_NUMBER = 10 DATA_TYPE = ASCII_REAL START_BYTE = 91 BYTES = 8 FORMAT = "E8.2" UNIT = "1 PER CUBIC METER" DESCRIPTION = "One standard deviation uncertainty in NUMBER DENSITY." END_OBJECT = COLUMN END_OBJECT = RSTP_TABLE END A.2 Example Data Object An example RSTP data object corresponding to the label example in Section A.1 is shown below. Lines are wrapped after column 69; that is, the RSTP_TABLE has columns 1-7 on the first line and columns 8-10 on the second. 1998-01-28T03:38:00.000,1998-01-28T03:51:00.000,1998-01-28T03:30:14.3 24, 0,43, 117.7, 103.7, 29.213,-9.999, 56.774,-9.999,-25.05, 150. 87,264.08,3392207.,-9999., 594.23, 7.25,6.129E+06,3.325E+11, 5.727,10 5.35, 24.2, 66.4,"GGM50A02.SHA",12652778.,"PCK3223A.TPC","8027036A.SP K"," " 3392456.6, 29.189, 56.764, 1285.,5.79820E+02,7.16E+00,1.98138E+02, 1.85E+00,2.11953E+23,6.64E+20 3392762.0, 29.161, 56.751, 2392.,5.63307E+02,7.11E+00,2.02402E+02, 1.91E+00,2.01578E+23,6.64E+20 3393162.8, 29.133, 56.738, 3852.,5.42529E+02,7.04E+00,2.04364E+02, 1.97E+00,1.92280E+23,6.64E+20 3393567.2, 29.104, 56.725, 5326.,5.22518E+02,6.97E+00,2.05746E+02, 2.03E+00,1.83944E+23,6.64E+20 3394004.7, 29.076, 56.711, 6922.,5.01769E+02,6.90E+00,2.06440E+02, 2.09E+00,1.76045E+23,6.64E+20 3394431.7, 29.048, 56.698, 8479.,4.82426E+02,6.83E+00,2.07600E+02, 2.15E+00,1.68313E+23,6.64E+20 3394854.9, 29.020, 56.684, 10021.,4.64079E+02,6.75E+00,2.08697E+02, 2.21E+00,1.61061E+23,6.64E+20 3395282.5, 28.991, 56.671, 11579.,4.46327E+02,6.68E+00,2.09212E+02, 2.27E+00,1.54518E+23,6.64E+20 3395735.6, 28.963, 56.658, 13232.,4.28259E+02,6.60E+00,2.09082E+02, 2.32E+00,1.48355E+23,6.64E+20 3396182.8, 28.935, 56.644, 14862.,4.11155E+02,6.53E+00,2.09550E+02, 2.38E+00,1.42113E+23,6.64E+20 3396620.2, 28.907, 56.631, 16455.,3.95160E+02,6.45E+00,2.10335E+02, 2.45E+00,1.36075E+23,6.64E+20 3397062.3, 28.879, 56.618, 18065.,3.79657E+02,6.38E+00,2.10731E+02, 2.51E+00,1.30490E+23,6.64E+20 3397512.3, 28.851, 56.605, 19705.,3.64529E+02,6.30E+00,2.10766E+02, 2.57E+00,1.25270E+23,6.64E+20 3397963.9, 28.823, 56.591, 21349.,3.49945E+02,6.22E+00,2.10639E+02, 2.63E+00,1.20330E+23,6.64E+20 3398423.2, 28.795, 56.578, 23022.,3.35691E+02,6.15E+00,2.10387E+02, 2.69E+00,1.15567E+23,6.64E+20 3398874.3, 28.767, 56.565, 24664.,3.22261E+02,6.07E+00,2.10305E+02, 2.76E+00,1.10987E+23,6.64E+20 3399340.7, 28.738, 56.551, 26363.,3.08915E+02,5.99E+00,2.09748E+02, 2.82E+00,1.06673E+23,6.64E+20 3399801.6, 28.710, 56.538, 28040.,2.96259E+02,5.91E+00,2.09771E+02, 2.89E+00,1.02292E+23,6.63E+20 3400255.5, 28.682, 56.525, 29691.,2.84311E+02,5.84E+00,2.09832E+02, 2.96E+00,9.81376E+22,6.62E+20 3400725.1, 28.654, 56.511, 31400.,2.72445E+02,5.76E+00,2.09241E+02, 3.02E+00,9.43075E+22,6.60E+20 3401190.4, 28.626, 56.498, 33092.,2.61159E+02,5.68E+00,2.09068E+02, 3.10E+00,9.04756E+22,6.59E+20 3401655.9, 28.598, 56.485, 34785.,2.50326E+02,5.60E+00,2.08884E+02, 3.17E+00,8.67989E+22,6.57E+20 3402126.8, 28.570, 56.471, 36497.,2.39814E+02,5.52E+00,2.08690E+02, 3.25E+00,8.32314E+22,6.56E+20 3402589.9, 28.542, 56.458, 38180.,2.29911E+02,5.45E+00,2.08727E+02, 3.32E+00,7.97804E+22,6.54E+20 3403066.0, 28.514, 56.445, 39910.,2.20142E+02,5.37E+00,2.07998E+02, 3.39E+00,7.66583E+22,6.52E+20 3403550.2, 28.486, 56.432, 41670.,2.10611E+02,5.29E+00,2.07897E+02, 3.48E+00,7.33749E+22,6.51E+20 3404016.8, 28.458, 56.419, 43365.,2.01858E+02,5.21E+00,2.09666E+02, 3.57E+00,6.97319E+22,6.49E+20 3404474.1, 28.430, 56.406, 45024.,1.93703E+02,5.13E+00,2.11517E+02, 3.66E+00,6.63290E+22,6.48E+20 3404941.0, 28.402, 56.392, 46719.,1.85760E+02,5.06E+00,2.11831E+02, 3.74E+00,6.35149E+22,6.46E+20 3405420.9, 28.374, 56.379, 48461.,1.77928E+02,4.98E+00,2.10968E+02, 3.82E+00,6.10860E+22,6.45E+20 3405903.3, 28.346, 56.366, 50212.,1.70356E+02,4.90E+00,2.10230E+02, 3.89E+00,5.86917E+22,6.43E+20 3406383.3, 28.318, 56.353, 51953.,1.63129E+02,4.83E+00,2.10029E+02, 3.97E+00,5.62558E+22,6.42E+20 3406860.2, 28.290, 56.340, 53683.,1.56249E+02,4.75E+00,2.09952E+02, 4.06E+00,5.39026E+22,6.40E+20 3407340.0, 28.262, 56.327, 55423.,1.49613E+02,4.67E+00,2.09201E+02, 4.13E+00,5.17989E+22,6.38E+20 3407828.4, 28.234, 56.313, 57194.,1.43114E+02,4.59E+00,2.07859E+02, 4.21E+00,4.98686E+22,6.37E+20 3408310.6, 28.206, 56.300, 58941.,1.36944E+02,4.52E+00,2.06824E+02, 4.29E+00,4.79572E+22,6.35E+20 3408806.2, 28.178, 56.287, 60738.,1.30839E+02,4.44E+00,2.05176E+02, 4.36E+00,4.61876E+22,6.33E+20 3409291.4, 28.151, 56.274, 62496.,1.25106E+02,4.36E+00,2.05160E+02, 4.45E+00,4.41671E+22,6.32E+20 3409772.7, 28.123, 56.261, 64239.,1.19666E+02,4.29E+00,2.04886E+02, 4.54E+00,4.23033E+22,6.30E+20 3410266.2, 28.095, 56.248, 66026.,1.14309E+02,4.21E+00,2.03308E+02, 4.61E+00,4.07230E+22,6.28E+20 3410756.5, 28.067, 56.235, 67801.,1.09194E+02,4.13E+00,2.02272E+02, 4.70E+00,3.91002E+22,6.27E+20 3411248.8, 28.039, 56.222, 69583.,1.04262E+02,4.06E+00,2.00931E+02, 4.78E+00,3.75832E+22,6.25E+20 3411748.1, 28.011, 56.209, 71390.,9.94598E+01,3.98E+00,1.99796E+02, 4.86E+00,3.60557E+22,6.23E+20 3412235.9, 27.983, 56.196, 73154.,9.49744E+01,3.90E+00,2.00283E+02, 4.96E+00,3.43460E+22,6.22E+20 3412726.3, 27.955, 56.183, 74928.,9.06730E+01,3.83E+00,1.99791E+02, 5.05E+00,3.28712E+22,6.20E+20 3413225.8, 27.927, 56.170, 76734.,8.64727E+01,3.75E+00,1.98357E+02, 5.14E+00,3.15751E+22,6.18E+20 3413722.2, 27.899, 56.157, 78528.,8.24734E+01,3.68E+00,1.97893E+02, 5.23E+00,3.01854E+22,6.16E+20 3414215.6, 27.872, 56.144, 80311.,7.86738E+01,3.60E+00,1.97511E+02, 5.33E+00,2.88505E+22,6.15E+20 3414713.0, 27.844, 56.131, 82108.,7.50019E+01,3.53E+00,1.95742E+02, 5.41E+00,2.77525E+22,6.13E+20 3415222.0, 27.816, 56.118, 83947.,7.13862E+01,3.45E+00,1.93459E+02, 5.49E+00,2.67263E+22,6.11E+20 3415719.4, 27.788, 56.105, 85743.,6.80042E+01,3.38E+00,1.93571E+02, 5.60E+00,2.54454E+22,6.09E+20 3416223.5, 27.760, 56.092, 87563.,6.47411E+01,3.31E+00,1.93411E+02, 5.70E+00,2.42445E+22,6.08E+20 3416722.1, 27.733, 56.079, 89363.,6.16766E+01,3.23E+00,1.94964E+02, 5.82E+00,2.29128E+22,6.06E+20 3417216.0, 27.705, 56.066, 91145.,5.88082E+01,3.16E+00,1.96153E+02, 5.94E+00,2.17149E+22,6.04E+20 3417723.8, 27.677, 56.054, 92976.,5.59953E+01,3.09E+00,1.94772E+02, 6.03E+00,2.08228E+22,6.02E+20 3418224.0, 27.649, 56.041, 94780.,5.33470E+01,3.02E+00,1.94507E+02, 6.14E+00,1.98650E+22,6.00E+20 3418733.1, 27.621, 56.028, 96616.,5.07640E+01,2.94E+00,1.92441E+02, 6.23E+00,1.91061E+22,5.99E+20 3419240.9, 27.593, 56.015, 98446.,4.82969E+01,2.87E+00,1.91781E+02, 6.34E+00,1.82401E+22,5.97E+20 3419742.2, 27.566, 56.002, 100252.,4.59730E+01,2.80E+00,1.91323E+02, 6.45E+00,1.74040E+22,5.95E+20 3420256.1, 27.538, 55.989, 102104.,4.36860E+01,2.73E+00,1.88137E+02, 6.54E+00,1.68183E+22,5.93E+20 3420764.5, 27.510, 55.977, 103935.,4.15100E+01,2.66E+00,1.86524E+02, 6.66E+00,1.61187E+22,5.91E+20 3421277.1, 27.482, 55.964, 105781.,3.94039E+01,2.59E+00,1.84099E+02, 6.77E+00,1.55025E+22,5.89E+20 3421786.2, 27.455, 55.951, 107614.,3.73907E+01,2.52E+00,1.81448E+02, 6.89E+00,1.49254E+22,5.88E+20 3422309.9, 27.427, 55.938, 109499.,3.53931E+01,2.45E+00,1.77442E+02, 6.99E+00,1.44470E+22,5.86E+20 3422820.7, 27.399, 55.925, 111336.,3.35341E+01,2.39E+00,1.78832E+02, 7.21E+00,1.35817E+22,5.84E+20 3423331.3, 27.371, 55.913, 113173.,3.17895E+01,2.32E+00,1.80672E+02, 7.45E+00,1.27440E+22,5.82E+20 3423839.4, 27.344, 55.900, 115000.,3.01554E+01,2.25E+00,1.81390E+02, 7.69E+00,1.20411E+22,5.80E+20 3424358.9, 27.316, 55.887, 116867.,2.85623E+01,2.19E+00,1.78534E+02, 7.86E+00,1.15874E+22,5.78E+20 3424876.5, 27.288, 55.875, 118727.,2.70458E+01,2.12E+00,1.77794E+02, 8.11E+00,1.10178E+22,5.76E+20 3425392.9, 27.261, 55.862, 120583.,2.56089E+01,2.06E+00,1.77747E+02, 8.41E+00,1.04353E+22,5.74E+20 3425911.9, 27.233, 55.849, 122447.,2.42433E+01,2.00E+00,1.78016E+02, 8.76E+00,9.86385E+21,5.72E+20 3426427.6, 27.205, 55.837, 124299.,2.29650E+01,1.94E+00,1.79529E+02, 9.19E+00,9.26501E+21,5.70E+20 3426947.8, 27.177, 55.824, 126166.,2.17498E+01,1.87E+00,1.79600E+02, 9.56E+00,8.77129E+21,5.68E+20 3427466.4, 27.150, 55.811, 128028.,2.06034E+01,1.81E+00,1.80000E+02, 1.00E+01,8.29050E+21,5.66E+20 Appendix B. RSTP Processing Program Definitions Signal power varies continuously from the free-space level to zero during a radio occultation (Figure B-1). The raw signature may include diffraction effects (e.g., D in Figure B-1), which can be removed using knowledge of the observation geometry. We define the Occultation Time to be the time (at Mars) when the geometrical ray path grazes the limb. This is computed by subtracting the light-time between the limb and the Earth receiving station from the Earth Receive Time at which the received signal voltage is 50 percent of its free space value (after adjustment for refractive defocusing by Mars' atmosphere). Signal power is 25 percent of its free space value at the Occultation Time (T in Figure B-1). The Occultation Point is the point on Mars' surface where the grazing ray path is tangent at the Occultation Time. It has coordinates of areocentric fixed-body latitude and (east) longitude and a height above a 3393.4 km reference sphere. | | signal plus noise O | ( free space) D U |_________________________/\ R T | \ E P | \ C U | \ E T | \ I | \ V P | \ E O | \ T R W | \/ E | \ R | \ noise level | \____________________ | |___________________________________________________________ TIME Figure B-1. Time variation of signal power during an ingress radio occultation. A plan view of the region where the occultation occurs is shown in Figure B-2. The ray path at the Occultation Time is indicated by the dashed line. Raypath Direction is the angle measured from local north through east to the outgoing ray vector. ^ local | north | | | occultation | . point | . \ | . \| . from spacecraft <------------------------------------------------- to Earth ^ | . . | . . | . raypath . | . direction | | | Figure B-2. Definition of Raypath Direction (angle). Plan view. As viewed from Earth, the ray path appears to move away from the Occultation Point during an egress occultation; it moves inward during an ingress occultation. If the direction of motion is indicated by a "ray path motion" vector, the angle between this vector and the position vector of the Occultation Point can be defined as the Angle from Diametric (A in Figure B-3). radial / / . / . / A / _ _ _ _ _ _ _> raypath motion | . | . occultation . point . . / / . surface ___. . . Figure B-3. Definition of Angle from Diametric (A). View from Earth